Peter Teed 1992 , p | Seeing Islam as others saw it: a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, Robert G |
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5, "One major challenge to examining initial contacts between Byzantium and the early Muslim umma arises from the controversy surrounding the traditional Islamic account | sources are not contemporaneous with the events they purport to relate and sometimes were written many centuries later |
These sources contain internal complexities, anachronisms, discrepancies, and contradictions.
13Denis Gril, Miracles, , Brill, 2007 | |
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Ideally, one would like to be able to check such accounts against contemporary evidence |
597, which notes that many of the details surrounding Muhammad's life as given in the biographies, are "problematic in certain respects, the most important of which is that they represent a tradition of living narrative that is likely to have developed orally for a considerable period before it was given even a relatively fixed written form.
12Kafih Jerusalem, 1984 , ch | |
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Lapidus 2002 , pp 0 | Hitti, History of the Arabs, 10th edition 1970 , p |
See, for example, Bowersock, Glen Warren, Peter Robert Lamont Brown and Oleg Grabar Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World 1999, Harvard University Press p.
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