Freely, John — Inside the Seraglio, published 1999, Chapter 15: On the Shores of the Bosphorus• 7, Edited by Hugh Chisholm, 1911 , 3; Constantinople, the capital of the Turkish Empire• Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica Inc | The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman Rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913 |
---|---|
: When the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923, the capital was moved to Ankara, and Constantinople was officially renamed Istanbul in 1930 | The Origins of the War of 1914, Volume I |
Roy, Gilles; Abdul-Hamid, le sultan rouge; 1936• Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
28.
14.
25