sources are not contemporaneous with the events they purport to relate and sometimes were written many centuries later | Lapidus 2002 , pp 0 |
---|---|
El-Cheikh, Nadia Maria Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs 2004, Harvard University Press p |
5, "One major challenge to examining initial contacts between Byzantium and the early Muslim umma arises from the controversy surrounding the traditional Islamic account.
7Kafih Jerusalem, 1984 , ch | Hitti, History of the Arabs, 10th edition 1970 , p |
.
23