Denis Gril, Miracles, , Brill, 2007 | |
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sources are not contemporaneous with the events they purport to relate and sometimes were written many centuries later | 5, "One major challenge to examining initial contacts between Byzantium and the early Muslim umma arises from the controversy surrounding the traditional Islamic account |
Hitti, History of the Arabs, 10th edition 1970 , p.
24137 Netanel's work was virtually unknown beyond his native Yemen until modern times, so had little influence on later Jewish thought• Moreover, many of them provide evidence of embellishment and invention that were introduced to serve the purposes of political or religious apologetic | |
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Ideally, one would like to be able to check such accounts against contemporary evidence | The Bustan al-Ukul, by Nathanael ibn al-Fayyumi, edited and translated by David Levine, Columbia University Oriental Studies Vol |
"Muhmmad," Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world• Lapidus 2002 , pp 0.
10El-Cheikh, Nadia Maria Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs 2004, Harvard University Press p | |
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Peter Teed 1992 , p | however, there is no relevant archaeological, epigraphic, or numismatic evidence dating from the time of Muhammad, nor are there any references to him in non-Muslim sources dating from the period before 632 |
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